In the last decades of the 900 scientific study of the processes by which knowledge is significantly developed, giving rise to so-called cognitive sciences .
In the fifties, the prevailing theoretical model was the one that can be defined computationalism , which is based on identifying the human cognitive apparatus with a digital computer.
Today this perspective has not met the high expectations that had been created around it, and the idea of \u200b\u200ba computation based on centralized and sequential operations, is considered outdated.
the emerging East of cognitive science is not merely acknowledge the highly connected and distributed to all neural processes, but comes to reject explicitly the idea of \u200b\u200ba cognitive apparatus that works according to an input-output, stimulus-response. He rejects the idea of \u200b\u200bbackground information, and preset defaults with respect to their development, and the idea of \u200b\u200ba knowledge which, proceeding by symbolic calculations, prepares copies of the outside world. Above all, it rejects the image of an abstract knowledge, without emotional coloring, and essentially independent from the intentionality (1).(1) M. Ceruti and L. Damiano, in M. Hood (ed.), Neurophenomenology , Addison 2006, p. 10.
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